Prime ministers debating who is to blame for the role out of the Smart Meters Act 2018.

Time Horizons for Policymakers

To determine the rate of heat transfer between a hot and cold zone, for example to consider how an air conditioning system works, an engineer creates a system boundary, and defines the conditions that hold true in their calculations at the system boundary. Drawing a system boundary makes a given thermodynamic problem solvable. For a government policy decision, system boundaries are more subjective and are chosen at the policymakers’ discretion. So how do they choose? ...

August 19, 2026 · 4 min · 659 words